Above the floodplain, much of the habitat in the watershed consists of mixed conifer forest. Trees and shrubs, including stands of red alder and cottonwood trees, cover about 88 percent of the middle reaches.[34] Near the headwaters, the forests consist mainly of mixed conifers and hardwoods with a few older Douglas-firs. Common species include big leaf maple, willow, western hemlock, red alder, western red cedar, and Douglas-fir.[34] Most of this forest is relatively young. In Forest Park, old growth forest, undisturbed for 250 years or more, exists mainly in isolated patches.[35] The largest tree in the park is a Douglas-fir near the Stone House. It is 242 feet (74 m) high, and the trunk is 17.3 feet (5.3 m) in circumference.[36]

Forest Park and other areas of the watershed have an understory of well-developed shrubs including ferns, Oregon-grape, vine maple, salal, red huckleberry,[37] Fendler's waterleaf, Indian plum, salmonberry, and stinging nettle.[38] Among the prominent wildflowers are wild ginger, Hooker's fairy bells, vanilla leaf, evergreen violet, and trillium.[37] Rare or uncommon species include old conifers, Western wahoo shrubs, and ornamental dawn redwoods.[34] Invasive species are English ivy, European holly, clematis, morning glory, and Himalayan blackberry.[34]



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